Babies with mild microcephaly may still meet the same milestones like speaking, sitting and walking as a child without the disorder. There was  no history of abnormalities or genetic disorders in previous children in the family.Achalasia is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by the degeneration of neurones of the myenteric plexus which are responsible for the motility of the digestive tract.Microcephaly can manifest due to a variety of reasons, these include: Like familial achalasia, microcephaly has an autosomal recessive predisposition.Although no disease-causing gene has been identified, studies suggest that due to the consanguinity or close relatedness of parents observed in four out of five cases, achalasia microcephaly might be inherited via an autosomal recessive gene.Symptoms of achalasia can be detected by fluoroscopy during A positive barium swallow will display the narrowing of the distal oesophagus in a ‘bird beak’ or ‘champagne class’ fashion, aperistalsis, minimal LES opening and oesophageal dilation as the main indicator of the disease.Patients who suffer from the vigorous achalasia variant of the disease, do not express dilation.Prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly is difficult due to the variability present in the causes of the disease.Women who are at risk of contracting TORCH infections or exposure to Zika virus are recommended to undergo screening as most resultant infections are asymptomatic.Prenatal diagnosis is further complicated when microcephaly manifests with achalasia as it is only possible to detect symptoms shortly after the first trimester and early into the second.There is currently no treatment to reverse the neuropathology of achalasia or the effects of microcephaly. Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved Read on to learn symptoms, causes, prevention and treatments. The severity of symptoms is typically related to the reduced size of the baby's head. If you happen to live in an endemic region, you would need to be tested during your first prenatal visit and at two other points during the course of your pregnancy.

The arrows point to the areas of extreme esophageal dilation.
In rare cases, a Zika infection may lead to a serious condition known as

There are no medical interventions that allow the restoration of neurons in the myenteric plexus.Early intervention involving speech pathology and occupational therapy can assist in addressing associated motor and speech dysfunction displayed by the child.Congenital microcephaly due to serine deficiency can be treated by L-serine or L-serine with glycine in order to improve debilitating symptoms such as seizures and psychomotor retardation.Familial achalasia alone is scarce, especially in paediatric cases.Current cases of achalasia microcephaly have only implicated children in its pathogenesis and there are only five, separate, known cases as of 2017.
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In others, the defect can be severe and lead to lifelong disability and a shortened lifespan. ... and the severity of the condition can range from mild to severe. Microcephaly symptoms consist of speech difficulties and loss of hearing, due to abnormal growth of the brain, resulting in a smaller sized head of the newborn baby. Knowing the cause is important in predicting what symptoms a child with microcephaly will have. Verywell Health uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Microcephaly is a condition where infants are born with a smaller than average head size. Even in northeastern Brazil, an area hit hard by the Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life.Johansson MA, Mier-y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Hills SL.